Nitroglycerin patches, also known as nitro transdermal patch, are a preventive treatment for angina that work by relaxing blood vessels to improve heart blood flow. They are applied daily to clean skin on the upper body, worn for 12-14 hours, then removed to prevent tolerance. Proper rotation of application sites is crucial to avoid skin irritation.
Key Points Explained:
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Purpose and Mechanism
- Designed to prevent angina attacks by gradually releasing nitroglycerin through the skin.
- Relaxes coronary blood vessels, increasing oxygen supply to the heart muscle.
- Not for acute chest pain (sublingual nitroglycerin is used instead).
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Application Protocol
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Site Selection: Clean, dry, hairless skin on the upper body/arms, avoiding:
- Areas below elbows/knees (poor absorption).
- Skin folds, scars, or irritated skin.
- Rotation: Daily site changes minimize skin reactions.
- Duration: 12–14 hours wear time followed by a 10–12 hour "patch-free" interval to prevent drug tolerance.
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Site Selection: Clean, dry, hairless skin on the upper body/arms, avoiding:
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Dosage Considerations
- Patches come in varying strengths (e.g., 0.1–0.6 mg/hour).
- Initial dosing often starts low, adjusted under medical supervision.
- Never cut patches—alters dose delivery.
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Safety and Limitations
- Contraindicated in unstable angina or heart failure (no proven benefit).
- Side effects may include headaches or dizziness (from vasodilation).
- Avoid heat exposure (e.g., heating pads) over the patch—accelerates drug release.
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Patient Adherence Tips
- Set alarms for patch removal/application times.
- Track rotation sites using a diagram or app.
- Store unused patches at room temperature, away from moisture.
For optimal results, patients should combine patch use with lifestyle changes (e.g., smoking cessation, stress management). Always consult a healthcare provider before adjusting the regimen.
Summary Table:
| Key Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Purpose | Prevents angina by gradually releasing nitroglycerin to relax blood vessels. |
| Application Sites | Upper body/arms (clean, dry, hairless); rotate daily to avoid irritation. |
| Wear Time | 12–14 hours, followed by a 10–12 hour patch-free interval to prevent tolerance. |
| Dosage | Varies (0.1–0.6 mg/hour); never cut patches. Start low, adjust with a doctor. |
| Safety Tips | Avoid heat exposure, track rotation sites, and store patches properly. |
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