An overdose of Nitroglycerin Transdermal Patch can lead to a range of severe symptoms due to excessive vasodilation and systemic effects. These symptoms include intense headaches, cardiovascular disturbances like rapid or irregular heartbeat, neurological effects such as confusion and dizziness, gastrointestinal issues like vomiting and diarrhea, respiratory distress, and even life-threatening conditions like seizures or fainting. Immediate medical attention is critical to manage these symptoms and prevent complications.
Key Points Explained:
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Severe Headache and Neurological Symptoms
- Nitroglycerin causes vasodilation, which can lead to throbbing or severe headaches due to increased blood flow to the brain.
- Confusion, dizziness, and a spinning sensation (vertigo) may occur as the brain reacts to sudden changes in blood pressure and oxygen levels.
- Vision problems, such as blurred vision, can result from altered blood flow to the eyes.
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Cardiovascular Disturbances
- Overdose can cause a fast, pounding, or irregular heartbeat (palpitations or arrhythmias) due to excessive nitrate effects on the heart.
- In severe cases, the heart rate may slow down (bradycardia), leading to weak circulation and fainting.
- Hypotension (dangerously low blood pressure) can cause cold, clammy skin and shock.
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Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Effects
- Nausea, vomiting, and stomach cramps are common as the body attempts to expel the toxin.
- Bloody diarrhea may indicate severe systemic distress.
- Breathing difficulties (dyspnea or gasping) arise from reduced oxygen delivery or pulmonary complications.
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Life-Threatening Conditions
- Seizures or loss of consciousness (fainting) signal critical central nervous system involvement.
- Sweating and clammy skin reflect the body’s stress response to circulatory collapse.
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Immediate Actions
- Seek emergency medical help (call 911 or Poison Control at 800-222-1222) to address hypotension, respiratory failure, or seizures.
- Remove the patch to stop further absorption.
Understanding these symptoms is vital for timely intervention, especially for caregivers or patients using transdermal patches for chronic conditions. Always monitor for adverse effects and follow dosing instructions meticulously.
Summary Table:
| Symptom Category | Key Symptoms | Severity |
|---|---|---|
| Neurological | Severe headache, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision | Moderate to Severe |
| Cardiovascular | Rapid/irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, fainting | Severe to Life-Threatening |
| Gastrointestinal | Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea | Moderate to Severe |
| Respiratory | Shortness of breath, gasping | Severe |
| Life-Threatening | Seizures, loss of consciousness, circulatory collapse | Emergency |
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